Passive ROM is defined as movements performed by the examiner with the animal relaxed.

Passive ROM is defined as movements performed by the examiner with the animal relaxed.

• A. Movements initiated by the animal without assistance
• B. Movements performed by the examiner with the animal relaxed
• C. Movements performed while the animal is asleep
• D. Movements controlled by the owner's input

Answer: (B)

Passive ROM involves the examiner moving the limb through its available range while the animal is relaxed and not actively contracting its muscles. This distinguishes it from active ROM, where the animal initiates movement. By moving the joint passively, the clinician assesses true joint and soft tissue limits—not the influence of the animal’s muscle effort or guarding. It helps identify restrictions due to joint structures, ligaments, or capsule, and guides treatment planning. Movement should be gentle and within the end range, avoiding forcing beyond what the joint allows.

Passive ROM involves the examiner moving the limb through its available range while the animal is relaxed and not actively contracting its muscles. This distinguishes it from active ROM, where the animal initiates movement. By moving the joint passively, the clinician assesses true joint and soft tissue limits—not the influence of the animal’s muscle effort or guarding. It helps identify restrictions due to joint structures, ligaments, or capsule, and guides treatment planning. Movement should be gentle and within the end range, avoiding forcing beyond what the joint allows.